Migraine

Migraines are a type of headache disorder that can cause intense, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. They often come with additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound, making them much more disruptive than a regular headache. Migraines can last anywhere from a few hours to several days, and for some people, they occur regularly enough to interfere with daily life.

The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but they are thought to result from abnormal brain activity that affects nerve signals, chemicals, and blood vessels in the brain. Genetics play a strong role, as migraines often run in families. Certain triggers are also known to bring on attacks, including stress, hormonal changes, dehydration, certain foods or drinks, irregular sleep patterns, and even changes in weather.

Migraines typically develop in stages, though not everyone experiences each one. Some people have warning signs known as auras, which may involve visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots, as well as tingling sensations or difficulty speaking. This is usually followed by the main headache phase, characterised by severe pain and other symptoms, before finally resolving in what is often described as a “hangover” phase, leaving the individual feeling drained and fatigued.